Privatize Migratory Birds
By Walter Block
My motto is: if it moves, privatize it; if it doesn’t move, privatize it. Since everything either moves or does not move, the logical implication is, privatize everything.
Why this radical call for privatization? Simple. There are only three ways to deal with property: government ownership, non-ownership, and private ownership. The problem with the first is exemplified by the failure of the USSR, East Germany, and North Korea. Without market prices, which can only emanate on the basis of private property, central planning is flying blind. It cannot grasp scarcities and alternative costs. It has no rational way of determining whether railroad ties should be made of steel or platinum, for example, or whether the new road should go through or around the mountain.
Non-ownership, in turn, is subject to the tragedy of the commons. If no one owns it, the resource is all too quickly dissipated. Perhaps the most dramatic illustration of this debilitation is a comparison of the fate of the cow and the buffalo. Biologists will of course cavil at this, but to the average person (including me) they are all but the same animal. They are both big, smelly, dirty, hairy. If you run into either of them, in the absence of a tank, you’ll come off second best. Yet, the privately owned cow never came within a million miles of extinction; in contrast, this was almost the fate of the buffalo, until its privatization was legally allowed.
Migratory birds are no exception to this general rule in favor of privatization. The challenge arises from the fact that they are a fugitive resource. The buffalo are too, of course, but the benefits of privatizing them clearly and radically outweighs the costs of so doing. It is entirely possible, at least given the present level of technology, that this will prove to also be the case of migratory birds. But it might not be. Would this undermine my motto? Not at all. After all, with present technology, the costs of privatizing land on the Moon or Mars- to say nothing of the other heavenly bodies in our solar system- are obviously vastly greater than any benefits we might possibly derive thereby. If not today, perhaps one day, technology will enable us to economically privatize both birds and planets.
What about right now? In one way we are far from being prepared. The human race is still plagued by dishonesty. There is cattle rustling, and this would undoubtedly afflict migratory bird ownership too, when and if this program could get off the ground, so to speak. However, it must be conceded, it would be far easier to engage in criminal behavior with regard to our feathered friends than our bovines. That is, they would be far easier to steal from their rightful owners.
Let us assume complete honesty and see where that takes us. If we do so, we can borrow a leaf from the possible ownership of whales, while they are still at sea. Shoot an electronic device into them which would warn all subsequent homesteaders that this particular one is now off limits. Such a device would not negatively impact the life, and hence the economic value, of that mammalian sea creature. But boids (as we say in Brooklyn) might, unhappily for their survival, be an entirely different matter. They are far more delicate. Perhaps, instead, a teeny, tiny, plastic band could be wrapped around their legs to indicate ownership.
We might also consider private butterfly ownership. These species have been captured and placed inside large tents which include all the plants necessary for their prosperous existence. These amenities serve also as tourist attractions. True, birds cover greater distances than butterflies, and thus require far larger tents, but if there is a will, there is a way. That is to say, if a profit can be earned by housing birds in such a manner, it will presumably occur under the free enterprise system. At the very least, some members of these species may be saved in such a manner, even if many others succumb to the tragedy of the commons.
Originally published on https://www.econlib.org/privatize-migratory-birds/.
excellent points. thanks.
Governments aren't simply incompetent because of the absence of free market prices; they can sometimes be downright malicious in destroying unowned resources. In the case of the American Bison, in the 1870s the U.S. Army sometimes hunted them, gave ammunition to private individuals to hunt them, or encouraged private individuals to trespass on Native American lands to hunt them.
The head of the army at the time, William Sherman (who during the Civil War famously inflicted scorched earth policies in a large swath of Georgia marching from Atlanta to the sea), wrote to his western commander, Philip Sheridan (who implemented similar policies in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley during the CIvil War) saying that the Army should encourage sportsmen to engage in a Great Buffalo Hunt would be a fine way to force Plains Indians onto reservations by starving them.
When the last few hundred remaining American Bison retreated into the newly-created Yellowstone National Park, a controversy erupted over what to do about them. Sherman wanted to finish the job and drive the species to extinction. However, the tourist industry prevailed and the Army instead pivoted to pose as protectors of Yellowstone and its beloved animals. When a poacher wandered into Yellowstone to kill more of them, the Army made a high-profile example out of him.